History is not only a kind of remembrance for future generations, but more importantly, it is inspired by understanding: only continuous innovation can have real vitality. History has proved that, as far as wire and cable equipment manufacturers know, the development of wire and cable products is closely related to social progress, and a major technological breakthrough will promote a sudden change in a certain field of society.
1. Discovery that "electricity" can be transmitted along metal wires (before 1800)
In 500 BC, Thales of Greece discovered that friction generates electricity.
In 1729, the British Gray discovered that "electricity" could be transmitted along metal wires, and humans had the concept of "conductor".
In 1740, De Zagurlier of France stipulated the definition of conductor and insulation.
In 1744, the German Winkler used wires to transmit discharge sparks to long distances, announcing the birth of wires.
In 1752, American Franklin invented the lightning rod and grounded it with wires. This was the first practical use of wires.
In 1799, the Italian Volt invented the battery and obtained continuous current.
2. The invention of the "telegraph" promoted the development and application of telegraph cables (before 1875)
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, a large number of European and American physicists, such as Oersted in Denmark, Faraday in Britain, Ohm in Germany, and Henry in the United States, continuously discovered and created many basic theories of modern electricity and electromagnetism. It opens the floodgates for future power and information transmission.
In 1833, Gauss and Weber made the first electromagnetic pointer telegraph, which was used on a 1-kilometer line and took 6 years.
In 1835, American Morse invented the wired telegraph, which promoted the development of communication cables.
In 1839, Cook and Wheatstone built the first 21-kilometer telegraph line in London. In 1841, rubber-insulated submarine telegraph cables were laid in New York Harbor.
In 1851, Britain laid a submarine cable across the English Channel. Since then, European and American countries have competed for development; in the past 20 or 30 years, telegraph cables have almost connected major cities in various countries. By 1920, the United Kingdom had built a telegraph cable network connecting the countries of the Commonwealth of Nations and encircling the world, which triggered a climax in the laying of submarine telegraph cables in the United States, Japan and other countries.
In 1871, the British Dadong Company laid rubber insulated submarine telegraph cables between Shanghai, China and Nagasaki, Japan.
3. Cable products blossomed everywhere in the three major fields (before 1980)
(1) Electromagnetic wire
1. In 1875, American Henry obtained the first patent for insulating varnish and fiber. GE Company of the United States made acetate enameled wire in 1902; oily enameled wire in 1909; polyvinyl formal wire in 1925; acetal enameled wire in 1938; polyester enameled wire in 1954.
2. Japan developed glass enameled wire in 1939; in 1954, it made silicone enameled wire. Germany made polyurethane enameled wire in 1940.
3. The American Dodge Company invented self-adhesive enameled wire in 1951; in 1963, it made composite enameled wire.
4. DuPont of the United States invented acrylic enameled wire in 1957; polyesterimide enameled wire and polyimide enameled wire were made in 1961; polyamide-imide enameled wire was made in 1964.
5. Shanghai Electric Cable Research Institute produced polyimide enameled wire in 1966 and polyamide-imide enameled wire in 1970.
(2) Communication cables
1. In 1876, Bell in the United States invented the wired telephone, and the United States made local communication cables. In 1878, the United States opened the first long-distance telephone cable line between New York and Boston.
In 1889, WE Corporation of the United States began mass production of paper-tape-wrapped insulation lead-wrapped local communication cables. Wire and cable Testing Equipment
In 1891, the earliest submarine telephone cable was laid in the English-French Channel.
In 1898, the United Kingdom laid a 46-kilometer long-distance communication cable composed of 19 four-wire cables between London and Birmingham; it was used until 1938 and changed to carrier communication.
2. In 1921, the first coaxial submarine telephone cable was laid between the United States and Cuba.
In 1932, the first submarine coaxial cable for carrier transmission was laid between the UK and Belgium.
In 1936, Germany manufactured broadband coaxial cables to transmit television.
In 1939, Germany and the United States developed polyethylene materials, which were used in various communication cables.
In 1944, the longest (100 nautical miles) submarine cable was laid between the United States and France.
In 1949, the United States made a public antenna television cable (CATV).
In 1950, the United States made all-plastic (PE) corrugated aluminum strip integrated sheath telephone cables.
3. In 1956, Britain, the United States, and Canada jointly laid the first symmetrical telephone cable across the Atlantic Ocean, with a total length of 4,300 kilometers; in 1959, the United States, France, and Canada jointly laid the second Atlantic submarine communication cable ( coaxial) …. By 1976, a total of 6 submarine communication cables across the Atlantic Ocean had been laid. Since then, a large number of submarine communication cables have been laid successively in the Atlantic Ocean and various sea areas, making information transmission between various regions and countries in the world smooth.
4. In October 1976, the submarine cable system between China and Japan was opened, with 480 channels.
4. Advance towards a higher, wider and more refined goal
(1) The transmission voltage is higher, starting from the overhead line network
1. From 1964 to 1968, the United States and the former Soviet Union erected ±800KV DC transmission lines, using steel-cored aluminum stranded wires.
2. In 1973, China's Xiangtan Cable Factory manufactured steel-cored aluminum stranded wires, which were laid beside the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, with a length of 1.93 kilometers; in 1978, aluminum-magnesium-silicon rare earth overhead wires were developed.
In 1980, Wuhan Electric Wire Factory produced rare earth aluminum alloy wires.
3. In 1999, Japan built an AC 1000KV, 8-split overhead line network with a length of 250 kilometers.
4. In 2007, China began to construct ±800KV DC overhead transmission line network.
(2) Superconducting cables are in the ascendant and are moving toward practical use
1. In 1962, the United States developed superconducting electromagnetic wire.
In 1967, the UK carried out a superconducting cable electrification test, and established a superconducting AC test line in 1970.
In 1972, the United States developed a coilable insulated superconducting cable.
2. In 1995, American Superconducting Corporation built the first 30m-long high-temperature superconducting cable line.
In 2002, Japan completed a set of 100m, 66KV/1KA parallel three-core superconducting cable test system; in 2003, it completed a 500m, 77KV/1KA high temperature superconducting cable test.
3. In 2004, the 30m, 35KV, 2KA high-temperature superconducting cable developed by China Beijing Intronic Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd. was put into grid-connected trial operation at Yunnan Puji Substation.
4. In 2006, American Superconducting Corporation developed a 600m, 3-phase, 138KV, 2.4KA cold-insulated high-temperature superconducting cable and put it into operation.
The editor has introduced the information about wires and cables here. I hope this article will be helpful to you. For more information, please pay attention to the official website of Dongguan Zonsky Instrument (Dongguan Zonsky Instrument Company - Fire and Flame Retardant Testing Instrument)
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